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مهاجرپذیری و توسعه پایدار اجتماعی در مناطق روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای مهاجرپذیر منطقه کلانشهری تهران | ||
| فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 5، شماره 19، مهر و آبان 1394، صفحه 71-84 اصل مقاله (972.54 K) | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدرضا رضوانی1؛ سید حسن مطیعی لنگرودی1؛ مهدی پورطاهری2؛ فاطمه عزیزی* 3 | ||
| 1استاد و عضو قطب برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار و عضو قطب برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 06 مهر 1394، تاریخ پذیرش: 06 مهر 1394 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بررسی پژوهشهای مختلف نشان می‌دهد؛ موضوع مهاجرت به ویژه مهاجرت از روستا به شهر و توسعه‌پایدار روستایی به طور گسترده مورد بررسی قرار گرفته، اما مهاجرپذیری روستاها و ارتباط آن با مباحث پایداری خصوصاً پایداری اجتماعی، کمتر مورد توجه پژوهشگران بوده است. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی نقش مهاجرپذیری روستاهای پیرامون کلانشهری در پایداری یا ناپایداری اجتماعی این روستاها می‌باشد. روش تحقیق از نوع توصیفی– تحلیلی با تأکید بر پیمایش میدانی و تکمیل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بوده و جامعه آماری شامل 92 روستایی است که طی چند دهه گذشته در منطقه کلانشهری تهران مهاجرپذیری را تجربه کرده‌اند و نمونه آماری شامل 18 روستا بر اساس معیارهای، نرخ رشد بالای سه درصد، روستاهای بالای 50 خانوار، موقعیت طبیعی (کوهستانی و دشتی) و فاصله از کلانشهر تهران انتخاب شد. اطلاعات جمع‌آوری شده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماریSPSS تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد؛ سطح تحصیلات نسبتاً پایین، جوانی جمعیت، اشتغال غالب در بخش‌های غیررسمی و نسبت بالای اجاره‌نشینی در بین ساکنین مهاجر، در روستاهای مهاجرپذیر، ناپایداری‌اجتماعی روستاهای پیرامون کلانشهری تهران را به تصویر می‌کشد. بعد از محاسبه‌آماره‌ها و با مبنا قراردادن طبقه‌بندی پرسکات آلن، روستاهای مهاجرپذیر پیرامون کلانشهر تهران، از نظر پایداری‌اجتماعی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. وضعیت سطوح پایداری روستاها مورد مطالعه؛ 22 درصد دارای پایداری خوب، 16 درصد پایداری متوسط، 27 درصد پایداری ضعیف و 11 درصد دارای ناپایداری هستند. بنابراین؛ قریب به 55 درصد از روستاهای مورد بررسی در بعد اجتماعی از حد متوسط به سمت ناپایداری گرایش دارد. همچنین با توجه به جدول پرسکات آلن وضعیت پایداری شاخص‌های توسعه‌پایدار اجتماعی در شاخص‌های امنیت اجتماعی، همبستگی اجتماعی و تعلق مکانی قابل قبول و یا تقریباً پایدار بوده و مسائل اجتماعی و عدالت اجتماعی در وضعیت خوب یا پایدار و شاخص‌های مشارکت اجتماعی و اعتماد اجتماعی در وضعیت بد یا ناپایدار واقع شده‌اند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| مهاجرت؛ توسعه پایدار اجتماعی؛ روستاهای مهاجرپذیر؛ منطقه کلان شهر تهران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Immigration and Social Sustainable Development in Rural Areas (Case Study: Host Rural areas of Tehran Metropolitan area) | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Reviews of various research shows that immigration specifically from rural areas to urban areas, and sustainable rural development have been widely studied, while hosting immigration in rural areas and its relationship with social stability and sustainability topics in particular has been of less interest to researchers. The aim of the present research is to study the role of hosting immigration rural areasthat surround metropolitans in social stability and instability of villages. The research method is descriptive-analytical with an emphasis on field research, and filling researcher-made questionnaires. The participants included 92 rural residents who had experienced immigration in Tehran metropolitan area during the last few decades, and the statistical sample included 18 rural areas that were selected according to different criteria such as the growth rate of over three percent, rural areas with more than 50 families, natural situation (mountain and desert), and their distance to Tehran metropolitan area. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS statistical software. The results of the study revealed and depicted relatively low levels of education, youth population, high rate of employment in unofficial sectors, and high percentage of tenantry among the immigrated residents, social instability in rural areas around Tehran metropolitan area. After calculating statistics and considering Per Scott Allen classification as the basis, stability in host rural areas around Tehran metropolitan area were evaluated in terms of social stability. The stability levels of the rural areas under study were as follows; 22 percent had good sustainability, 16 percent had moderate sustainability, 27 percent had weak sustainability, and 11 percent had unsustainability. Therefore; about 55 percent of the rural areas under study from social aspect at moderate level tend towards unsustainability. Also according to Per Scott Allen table, stability status of sustainable social development was acceptable or relatively stable in indicators of social safety, social solidarity, and the feeling of belonging to place. Social issues and social justice were in good or stable condition, the indicators of social participation and social trust were in bad or unstable condition. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Immigration, Stable social development, Host Rural areas, Tehran Metropolitan area | ||
| اصل مقاله | ||
|
Immigration and Social Sustainable Development in Rural Areas (Case Study: Host Rural areas of Tehran Metropolitan area)
M.R.Rezvani Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Universityof Tehran, Tehran, Iran S.H. Motiee Langrody Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Universityof Tehran, Tehran, Iran M. Pourtahery Associate Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Universityof Tarbiyat Modares, Tehran, Iran F. Azizi [1] Phd Student of Geography and Rural Planning, Universityof Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract Reviews of various research shows that immigration specifically from rural areas to urban areas, and sustainable rural development have been widely studied, while hosting immigration in rural areas and its relationship with social stability and sustainability topics in particular has been of less interest to researchers. The aim of the present research is to study the role of hosting immigration rural areasthat surround metropolitans in social stability and instability of villages. The research method is descriptive-analytical with an emphasis on field research, and filling researcher-made questionnaires. The participants included 92 rural residents who had experienced immigration in Tehran metropolitan area during the last few decades, and the statistical sample included 18 rural areas that were selected according to different criteria such as the growth rate of over three percent, rural areas with more than 50 families, natural situation (mountain and desert), and their distance to Tehran metropolitan area. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS statistical software. The results of the study revealed and depicted relatively low levels of education, youth population, high rate of employment in unofficial sectors, and high percentage of tenantry among the immigrated residents, social instability in rural areas around Tehran metropolitan area. After calculating statistics and considering Per Scott Allen classification as the basis, stability in host rural areas around Tehran metropolitan area were evaluated in terms of social stability. The stability levels of the rural areas under study were as follows; 22 percent had good sustainability, 16 percent had moderate sustainability, 27 percent had weak sustainability, and 11 percent had unsustainability. Therefore; about 55 percent of the rural areas under study from social aspect at moderate level tend towards unsustainability. Also according to Per Scott Allen table, stability status of sustainable social development was acceptable or relatively stable in indicators of social safety, social solidarity, and the feeling of belonging to place. Social issues and social justice were in good or stable condition, the indicators of social participation and social trust were in bad or unstable condition.
Keywords: Immigration, Stable social development, Host Rural areas, Tehran Metropolitan area. | ||
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